Alzheimer's disease is a condition in which brain cells become damaged and eventually die off. This damage and dying off of brain cells can cause dementia, memory loss, impaired judgment, and behavioral changes. Loss of speech and bladder and bowel control are also complications of the condition.
The causes of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain mostly unknown. There are certain risk factors for Alzheimer's disease, including age and heredity. Other potential AD risk factors, such as head injuries or alcohol and tobacco use, are still subject to research.
Onset of AD can be subtle and it may be hard to pin down when it really begins. Some of the symptoms of Alzheimer's include speech problems, such as choosing the wrong words or not understanding simple sentences, disorientation of time and place, memory loss, and changes in mood and behavior.
While at present there is no cure for Alzheimer's disease, research is moving at a rapid pace. Preventing the creation of plaques around brain cells has become a priority of much research. Enzyme inhibitors and vaccinations against the plaque are two possible areas for treatment and prevention of AD.
Current treatment plans for Alzheimer's may include prescription medications, safety measures to reduce the risk of injury caused by AD symptoms, and the maintenance of safe, secure living spaces so that those with AD can live well with their remaining abilities. Caregivers of those with AD may also need support and a chance to have time on their own to rest and rejuvenate.
There are also other nervous system disorders with physiological changes similar to Alzheimer's called neurodegenerative disorders. These include ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Common among these conditions is the collapse of parts of the brain and loss of certain body functions.