At this time, there is no cure for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it
can be treated. Treatments for Alzheimer's disease include:
- prescription medications to treat some Alzheimer's disease symptoms (more
information below)
- treatment of coexisting medical or psychiatric illnesses that can aggravate
the symptoms of AD
- safety measures to reduce the risk of injury caused by symptoms (such as
recognizing the risk for wandering or unsafe driving)
- preserving the best possible quality of life for the affected person by
providing companionship, secure living space, and the opportunity to use their
remaining abilities
A number of prescription medications are available to help treat the symptoms
of Alzheimer's disease. One group of medications, cholinesterase inhibitors
(which includes donepezil,
galantamine,
and rivastigmine), are used for mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. These medications work by
increasing the levels of acetylcholine in the brain. Researchers believe that
Alzheimer's disease is related to a decrease in the number of nerve cells that
make acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter (chemical messenger) in
the brain. Increasing the level of acetylcholine helps relieve the symptoms
of Alzheimer's disease.
A new medication known as memantine
is now available for moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease. It belongs to the
group of drugs known as the NMDA receptor antagonists. This type of medication
works by blocking a substance called glutamate in the brain. High glutamate
levels are believed to play a role in Alzheimer's disease.
None of the medications available today can cure Alzheimer's disease. They
can only help treat the symptoms. However, even symptom relief can go a long
way toward helping people with Alzheimer's disease and their caregivers.
Support for the caregiver of someone with Alzheimer's disease is another important
part of the treatment plan. This involves providing information about AD, including
the available community resources such as the local Alzheimer's association. It is
extremely important that caregivers also obtain relief - time on their
own is essential in order to re-energize for the caregiving ahead.